Exchange Currency

CRC/ZMK


The exchange rate as of today for CRC/ZMK is CRC per ZMK, which means that with 100 Costa Rican colones you can buy Zambia kwacha.

Below you will find information about historical currency exchange rates for CRC/ZMK currency pair represented in a history table and an exchange chart. Also, bellow you can read summary information about CRC or ZMK currencies.
  


CRC to ZMK exchange rate history

Date Exchange Rate Variation
increased 17,6000000000 +0,7
increased 16,9000000000 +0,1
decreased 16,8000000000 -0,3
not_changed 17,1000000000 0
decreased 17,1000000000 -0,5
not_changed 17,6000000000 0
not_changed 17,6000000000 0
not_changed 17,6000000000 0
increased 17,6000000000 +17,5824
decreased 0,0176000000 -17,5824
not_changed 17,6000000000 0
increased 17,6000000000 +0,3
increased 17,3000000000 +17,2827
decreased 0,0173000000 -16,8827
increased 16,9000000000 +0,1
increased 16,8000000000 +16,7832
decreased 0,0168000000 -16,8832
increased 16,9000000000 +0,1
decreased 16,8000000000 -0,2
increased 17,0000000000 +16,983
decreased 0,0170000000 -16,883
increased 16,9000000000 +16,8831
decreased 0,0169000000 -16,5831
not_changed 16,6000000000 0
increased 16,6000000000 +0,1
increased 16,5000000000 +0,7
increased 15,8000000000 +15,7842
decreased 0,0158000000 -15,7842
not_changed 15,8000000000 0
not_changed 15,8000000000 0
increased 15,8000000000 +0,2
decreased 15,6000000000 -0,1
increased 15,7000000000 +15,6843
decreased 0,0157000000 -15,6843
not_changed 15,7000000000 0
increased 15,7000000000 +15,6843
decreased 0,0157000000 -15,6843
not_changed 15,7000000000 0
not_changed 15,7000000000 0
not_changed 15,7000000000 0
increased 15,7000000000 +15,6843
decreased 0,0157000000 -15,6843
increased 15,7000000000 +0,2
decreased 15,5000000000 -0,4
increased 15,9000000000 +15,8841
decreased 0,0159000000 -15,6841
increased 15,7000000000 +0,2
not_changed 15,5000000000 0
decreased 15,5000000000 -0,1
increased 15,6000000000 +15,5844
decreased 0,0156000000 -15,4844
increased 15,5000000000 +15,4845
decreased 0,0155000000 -15,4845
not_changed 15,5000000000 0
not_changed 15,5000000000 0
not_changed 15,5000000000 0
increased 15,5000000000 +0,1
decreased 15,4000000000 -0,1
not_changed 15,5000000000 0
increased 15,5000000000 +15,4845
decreased 0,0155000000 -15,4845
decreased 15,5000000000 -0,3
increased 15,8000000000 +15,7842
decreased 0,0158000000 -15,7842
increased 15,8000000000 +15,7842
decreased 0,0158000000 -15,8842
increased 15,9000000000 +15,8841
decreased 0,0159000000 -15,9841
not_changed 16,0000000000 0
not_changed 16,0000000000 0
increased 16,0000000000 +15,984
decreased 0,0160000000 -15,884
not_changed 15,9000000000 0
increased 15,9000000000 +15,8841
decreased 0,0159000000 -15,8841
increased 15,9000000000 +15,8841
decreased 0,0159000000 -16,0841
decreased 16,1000000000 -0,2
not_changed 16,3000000000 0
increased 16,3000000000 +16,2837
decreased 0,0163000000 -16,0837
increased 16,1000000000 +16,0839
decreased 0,0161000000 -16,1839
not_changed 16,2000000000 0
not_changed 16,2000000000 0
increased 16,2000000000 +0,1
increased 16,1000000000 +16,0839
decreased 0,0161000000 -16,0839
not_changed 16,1000000000 0
not_changed 16,1000000000 0
not_changed 16,1000000000 0
increased 16,1000000000 +0,1
increased 16,0000000000 +15,984
decreased 0,0160000000 -16,184
not_changed 16,2000000000 0
not_changed 16,2000000000 0
not_changed 16,2000000000 0
decreased 16,2000000000 -0,1
decreased 16,3000000000 -0,1
increased 16,4000000000 +0,1
increased 16,3000000000 +0,3
increased 16,0000000000 +15,984
decreased 0,0160000000 -15,884
increased 15,9000000000 +0,2
not_changed 15,7000000000 0
increased 15,7000000000 +15,6843
decreased 0,0157000000 -15,7843
increased 15,8000000000 +15,7842
decreased 0,0158000000 -15,7842
decreased 15,8000000000 -0,2
decreased 16,0000000000 -0,1
not_changed 16,1000000000 0
decreased 16,1000000000 -0,1
increased 16,2000000000 +16,1838
decreased 0,0162000000 -16,0838
not_changed 16,1000000000 0
increased 16,1000000000 +16,0839
decreased 0,0161000000 -16,0839
decreased 16,1000000000 -0,2
not_changed 16,3000000000 0
increased 16,3000000000 +16,2837
decreased 0,0163000000 -16,2837
not_changed 16,3000000000 0
decreased 16,3000000000 -0,3
increased 16,6000000000 +0,1
increased 16,5000000000 +16,4835
decreased 0,0165000000 -16,5835
not_changed 16,6000000000 0
not_changed 16,6000000000 0
not_changed 16,6000000000 0
increased 16,6000000000 +0,1
increased 16,5000000000 +16,4835
decreased 0,0165000000 -16,7835
not_changed 16,8000000000 0
not_changed 16,8000000000 0
increased 16,8000000000 +0,2
decreased 16,6000000000 -0,2
not_changed 16,8000000000 0
not_changed 16,8000000000 0
not_changed 16,8000000000 0
increased 16,8000000000 +16,7832
decreased 0,0168000000 -16,9832
not_changed 17,0000000000 0
increased 17,0000000000 +16,983
decreased 0,0170000000 -16,983
increased 17,0000000000 +16,983
decreased 0,0170000000 -16,983
increased 17,0000000000 +0,2
decreased 16,8000000000 -0,1
decreased 16,9000000000 -0,4
increased 17,3000000000 +0,2
increased 17,1000000000 +17,0829
decreased 0,0171000000 -17,0829
not_changed 17,1000000000 0
not_changed 17,1000000000 0
increased 17,1000000000 +17,0829
decreased 0,0171000000 -17,1829
increased 17,2000000000 +0,1
not_changed 17,1000000000 0
increased 17,1000000000 +17,0829
decreased 0,0171000000 -16,8829
decreased 16,9000000000 -0,1
decreased 17,0000000000 -0,3
decreased 17,3000000000 -0,2
increased 17,5000000000 +17,4825
decreased 0,0175000000 -17,3825
increased 17,4000000000 +0,1
increased 17,3000000000 +0,4
decreased 16,9000000000 -0,1
decreased 17,0000000000 -0,4
increased 17,4000000000 +0,1
decreased 17,3000000000 -0,1
increased 17,4000000000 +17,3826
decreased 0,0174000000 -17,5826
increased 17,6000000000 +17,5824
decreased 0,0176000000 -17,5824
increased 17,6000000000 +17,5824
decreased 0,0176000000 -17,7824
not_changed 17,8000000000 0
decreased 17,8000000000 -0,1
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
increased 17,9000000000 +17,8821
decreased 0,0179000000 -17,8821
increased 17,9000000000 +0,1
increased 17,8000000000 +17,7822
decreased 0,0178000000 -17,7822
not_changed 17,8000000000 0
decreased 17,8000000000 -0,5
not_changed 18,3000000000 0
increased 18,3000000000 +0,1
increased 18,2000000000 +0,3
decreased 17,9000000000 -0,1
increased 18,0000000000 +17,982
decreased 0,0180000000 -17,882
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
decreased 17,9000000000 -0,1
increased 18,0000000000 +0,3
not_changed 17,7000000000 0
increased 17,7000000000 +17,6823
decreased 0,0177000000 -17,8823
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
increased 17,9000000000 +0,1
decreased 17,8000000000 -0,1
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
increased 17,9000000000 +0,1
decreased 17,8000000000 -0,1
increased 17,9000000000 +0,1
not_changed 17,8000000000 0
decreased 17,8000000000 -0,1
increased 17,9000000000 +0,1
increased 17,8000000000 +17,7822
decreased 0,0178000000 -17,7822
not_changed 17,8000000000 0
not_changed 17,8000000000 0
increased 17,8000000000 +0,5
decreased 17,3000000000 -0,1
decreased 17,4000000000 -0,2
increased 17,6000000000 +0,1
decreased 17,5000000000 -0,3
decreased 17,8000000000 -0,1
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
increased 17,9000000000 +17,8821
decreased 0,0179000000 -17,8821
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
increased 17,9000000000 +0,2
decreased 17,7000000000 -0,2
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
increased 17,9000000000 +17,8821
decreased 0,0179000000 -17,9821
not_changed 18,0000000000 0
not_changed 18,0000000000 0
increased 18,0000000000 +0,1
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
increased 17,9000000000 +17,8821
decreased 0,0179000000 -18,1821
increased 18,2000000000 +0,3
increased 17,9000000000 +0,1
increased 17,8000000000 +17,7822
decreased 0,0178000000 -18,1822
not_changed 18,2000000000 0
decreased 18,2000000000 -0,2
increased 18,4000000000 +18,3816
decreased 0,0184000000 -18,1816
decreased 18,2000000000 -0,4
increased 18,6000000000 +18,5814
decreased 0,0186000000 -18,4814
not_changed 18,5000000000 0
increased 18,5000000000 +18,4815
decreased 0,0185000000 -17,4815
decreased 17,5000000000 -0,7
increased 18,2000000000 +0,1
increased 18,1000000000 +0,1
not_changed 18,0000000000 0
decreased 18,0000000000 -1,1
not_changed 19,1000000000 0
not_changed 19,1000000000 0
not_changed 19,1000000000 0
increased 19,1000000000 +19,0809
decreased 0,0191000000 -18,5809
increased 18,6000000000 +18,5814
decreased 0,0186000000 -18,7814
not_changed 18,8000000000 0
increased 18,8000000000 +1,5
not_changed 17,3000000000 0
increased 17,3000000000 +17,2827
decreased 0,0173000000 -17,6827
decreased 17,7000000000 -0,3
decreased 18,0000000000 -0,7
increased 18,7000000000 +0,4
decreased 18,3000000000 -0,7
increased 19,0000000000 +1,6
not_changed 17,4000000000 0
decreased 17,4000000000 -1
increased 18,4000000000 +18,3816
decreased 0,0184000000 -17,6816
increased 17,7000000000 +17,6823
decreased 0,0177000000 -20,1823
increased 20,2000000000 +0,2
increased 20,0000000000 +0,2
increased 19,8000000000 +0,1
decreased 19,7000000000 -0,1
decreased 19,8000000000 -0,1
increased 19,9000000000 +0,1
increased 19,8000000000 +0,2
not_changed 19,6000000000 0
not_changed 19,6000000000 0
increased 19,6000000000 +0,2
increased 19,4000000000 +0,2
not_changed 19,2000000000 0
increased 19,2000000000 +0,2
not_changed 19,0000000000 0
increased 19,0000000000 +0,1
not_changed 18,9000000000 0
increased 18,9000000000 +18,8811
decreased 0,0189000000 -18,4811
increased 18,5000000000 +0,1
increased 18,4000000000 +0,1
not_changed 18,3000000000 0
increased 18,3000000000 +0,3
increased 18,0000000000 +0,1
not_changed 17,9000000000 0
increased 17,9000000000 +0,1
increased 17,8000000000 +17,7822
decreased 0,0178000000 -17,4822
increased 17,5000000000 +17,4825
decreased 0,0175000000 -17,2825
increased 17,3000000000 +0,1
not_changed 17,2000000000 0
not_changed 17,2000000000 0
increased 17,2000000000 +0,1
increased 17,1000000000 +17,0829
decreased 0,0171000000 -17,1829
increased 17,2000000000 +17,1828
decreased 0,0172000000 -17,9828
increased 18,0000000000 +17,982
decreased 0,0180000000 -18,382
increased 18,4000000000 +18,3816
decreased 0,0184000000 -18,3816
increased 18,4000000000 +18,3816
decreased 0,0184000000 -19,3816
decreased 19,4000000000 -0,7
decreased 20,1000000000 -0,4
increased 20,5000000000 +0,3
decreased 20,2000000000 -0,2
decreased 20,4000000000 -0,7
decreased 21,1000000000 -0,1
increased 21,2000000000 +21,1788
decreased 0,0212000000 -21,1788
not_changed 21,2000000000 0
decreased 21,2000000000 -0,1
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
increased 21,3000000000 +21,2787
decreased 0,0213000000 -21,2787
increased 21,3000000000 +21,2787
decreased 0,0213000000 -21,2787
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
increased 21,3000000000 +21,2787
decreased 0,0213000000 -21,2787
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
increased 21,3000000000 +21,2787
decreased 0,0213000000 -21,2787
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
not_changed 21,3000000000 0
increased 21,3000000000 +21,2787
decreased 0,0213000000 -21,2787
increased 21,3000000000 +21,2787
decreased 0,0213000000 -21,2787
increased 21,3000000000 +0,1
increased 21,2000000000 +21,1788
decreased 0,0212000000 -21,1788
increased 21,2000000000 +21,1788
decreased 0,0212000000 -21,1788
not_changed 21,2000000000 0
not_changed 21,2000000000 0
increased 21,2000000000 +0,1
increased 21,1000000000 +21,0789
decreased 0,0211000000 -20,9789
not_changed 21,0000000000 0
increased 21,0000000000 +20,979
decreased 0,0210000000 -20,979
not_changed 21,0000000000 0
not_changed 21,0000000000 0
increased 21,0000000000 +20,979
decreased 0,0210000000 -20,979
not_changed 21,0000000000 0
increased 21,0000000000 +20,979
decreased 0,0210000000 -20,979
increased 21,0000000000 +0,1
increased 20,9000000000 +20,8791
decreased 0,0209000000 -20,6791
increased 20,7000000000 +0,1
increased 20,6000000000 +20,5794
decreased 0,0206000000 -20,4794
increased 20,5000000000 +0,1
not_changed 20,4000000000 0
not_changed 20,4000000000 0
increased 20,4000000000 +20,3796
decreased 0,0204000000 -20,4796
not_changed 20,5000000000 0
increased 20,5000000000 +20,4795
decreased 0,0205000000 -20,4795
decreased 20,5000000000 -0,1
increased 20,6000000000 +0,1
increased 20,5000000000 +20,4795
decreased 0,0205000000 -20,4795
increased 20,5000000000 +0,3
increased 20,2000000000 +0,2
increased 20,0000000000 +19,98
decreased 0,0200000000 -19,98
increased 20,0000000000 +0,6
not_changed 19,4000000000 0
decreased 19,4000000000 -1,2
decreased 20,6000000000 -1,5
increased 22,1000000000 +0,1
decreased 22,0000000000 -0,1
decreased 22,1000000000 -1,3
increased 23,4000000000 +23,3766
decreased 0,0234000000 -22,5766
not_changed 22,6000000000 0
increased 22,6000000000 +22,5774
decreased 0,0226000000 -23,6774
increased 23,7000000000 +23,6763
decreased 0,0237000000 -23,5763
increased 23,6000000000 +23,5764
decreased 0,0236000000 -22,7764
increased 22,8000000000 +22,7772
decreased 0,0228000000 -22,3772
increased 22,4000000000 +22,3776
decreased 0,0224000000 -21,9776
increased 22,0000000000 +21,978
decreased 0,0220000000 -21,878
decreased 21,9000000000 -0,3
increased 22,2000000000 +22,1778
decreased 0,0222000000 -22,7778
increased 22,8000000000 +22,7772
decreased 0,0228000000 -20,2772
not_changed 20,3000000000 0
increased 20,3000000000 +1,5
increased 18,8000000000 +0,1
not_changed 18,7000000000 0
increased 18,7000000000 +18,6813
decreased 0,0187000000 -18,4813
increased 18,5000000000 +0,2
increased 18,3000000000 +18,2817
decreased 0,0183000000 -18,2817
decreased 18,3000000000 -0,2
not_changed 18,5000000000 0
not_changed 18,5000000000 0
increased 18,5000000000 +2,6
not_changed 15,9000000000 0
increased 15,9000000000 +1,1
increased 14,8000000000 +14,7852
decreased 0,0148000000 -14,6852
increased 14,7000000000 +0,3
not_changed 14,4000000000 0
increased 14,4000000000 +0,1
increased 14,3000000000 +14,2857
decreased 0,0143000000 -14,2857
increased 14,3000000000 +14,2857
decreased 0,0143000000 -14,6857
decreased 14,7000000000 -0,1
increased 14,8000000000 +14,7852
decreased 0,0148000000 -14,1852
increased 14,2000000000 +0,1
increased 14,1000000000 +14,0859
decreased 0,0141000000 -13,7859
not_changed 13,8000000000 0
not_changed 13,8000000000 0
not_changed 13,8000000000 0
decreased 13,8000000000 -0,1
not_changed 13,9000000000 0
increased 13,9000000000 +13,8861
decreased 0,0139000000 -13,6861
not_changed 13,7000000000 0
increased 13,7000000000 +0,2
not_changed 13,5000000000 0
increased 13,5000000000 +0,1
decreased 13,4000000000 -0,4
decreased 13,8000000000 -0,1
decreased 13,9000000000 -0,1
increased 14,0000000000 +13,986
decreased 0,0140000000 -13,986
not_changed 14,0000000000 0
increased 14,0000000000 +0,5
decreased 13,5000000000 -0,7
not_changed 14,2000000000 0
decreased 14,2000000000 -0,1
not_changed 14,3000000000 0
decreased 14,3000000000 -0,2
increased 14,5000000000 +1,4
increased 13,1000000000 +0,2
increased 12,9000000000 +12,8871
decreased 0,0129000000 -12,9871
increased 13,0000000000 +1,1
increased 11,9000000000 +0,1
not_changed 11,8000000000 0
decreased 11,8000000000 -0,1
increased 11,9000000000 +11,8881
decreased 0,0119000000 -11,7881
increased 11,8000000000 +0,1
not_changed 11,7000000000 0
increased 11,7000000000 +0,3
not_changed 11,4000000000 0
increased 11,4000000000 +11,3886
decreased 0,0114000000 -11,0886
increased 11,1000000000 +11,0889
decreased 0,0111000000 -11,0889
decreased 11,1000000000 -0,3
increased 11,4000000000 +11,3886
decreased 0,0114000000 -11,3886
not_changed 11,4000000000 0
increased 11,4000000000 +11,3886
decreased 0,0114000000 -11,1886
decreased 11,2000000000 -0,4
not_changed 11,6000000000 0
increased 11,6000000000 +11,5884
decreased 0,0116000000 -11,3884
increased 11,4000000000 +0,1
decreased 11,3000000000 -0,1
decreased 11,4000000000 -0,1
decreased 11,5000000000 -0,1
increased 11,6000000000 +0,1
increased 11,5000000000 +0,7
increased 10,8000000000 +10,7892
decreased 0,0108000000 -11,3892
increased 11,4000000000 +0,1
increased 11,3000000000 +11,2887
decreased 0,0113000000 -10,9887
not_changed 11,0000000000 0
increased 11,0000000000 +10,989
decreased 0,0110000000 -10,889
not_changed 10,9000000000 0
increased 10,9000000000 +10,8891
decreased 0,0109000000 -10,9891
not_changed 11,0000000000 0
decreased 11,0000000000 -0,1
increased 11,1000000000 +0,1
decreased 11,0000000000 -0,1
decreased 11,1000000000 -0,1
increased 11,2000000000 +0,8770833
not_changed 10,3229167000 0
increased 10,3229167000 +0,0104167
decreased 10,3125000000 -0,1354167
increased 10,4479167000 +0,1770834
not_changed 10,2708333000 0
decreased 10,2708333000 -0,0104167
decreased 10,2812500000 -0,046875
increased 10,3281250000 +0,0052083
not_changed 10,3229167000 0
increased 10,3229167000 +0,0520834
not_changed 10,2708333000 0
not_changed 10,2708333000 0
decreased 10,2708333000 -0,0520834
not_changed 10,3229167000 0
decreased 10,3229167000 -0,0104166
not_changed 10,3333333000 0
not_changed 10,3333333000 0
not_changed 10,3333333000 0
not_changed 10,3333333000 0
decreased 10,3333333000 -0,0729167
not_changed 10,4062500000 0
not_changed 10,4062500000 0
decreased 10,4062500000 -0,0104167
not_changed 10,4166667000 0
not_changed 10,4166667000 0
not_changed 10,4166667000 0
decreased 10,4166667000 -0,0052083
not_changed 10,4218750000 0
decreased 10,4218750000 -0,0052083
increased 10,4270833000 +0,03125
not_changed 10,3958333000 0
decreased 10,3958333000 -0,03125
not_changed 10,4270833000 0
decreased 10,4270833000 -0,0052084
decreased 10,4322917000 -0,0052083
increased 10,4375000000 +0,0104167
not_changed 10,4270833000 0
not_changed 10,4270833000 0
not_changed 10,4270833000 0
increased 10,4270833000 +0,0208333
not_changed 10,4062500000 0
not_changed 10,4062500000 0
not_changed 10,4062500000 0
increased 10,4062500000 +0,015625
decreased 10,3906250000 -0,015625
decreased 10,4062500000 -0,0208333
increased 10,4270833000 +0,015625
decreased 10,4114583000 -0,0260417
decreased 10,4375000000 -0,015625
increased 10,4531250000 +0,109375
decreased 10,3437500000 -0,1041667
not_changed 10,4479167000 0
increased 10,4479167000 +0,2864584
decreased 10,1614583000 -0,265625
not_changed 10,4270833000 0
not_changed 10,4270833000 0
not_changed 10,4270833000 0
not_changed 10,4270833000 0
increased 10,4270833000 +0,1074957
decreased 10,3195876000 -0,3293486
increased 10,6489362000 +0,1672608
increased 10,4816754000 +0,2673897
increased 10,2142857000 +0,1031746
increased 10,1111111000 +0,1061111
decreased 10,0050000000 -0,005
increased 10,0100000000 +0,18647059
decreased 9,8235294100 -0,49090359
decreased 10,3144330000 -0,0378986
decreased 10,3523316000 -0,2221365
decreased 10,5744681000 -0,0886335
increased 10,6631016000 +0,035442
increased 10,6276596000 +0,1091411
increased 10,5185185000 +0,2553606
increased 10,2631579000 +0,1549105
increased 10,1082474000 +0,0721649
decreased 10,0360825000 -0,1067746
increased 10,1428571000 +0,0561224
decreased 10,0867347000 -0,0553973
decreased 10,1421320000 -0,0466435
increased 10,1887755000 +0,34957952
increased 9,8391959800 +0,23328465
decreased 9,6059113300 -0,23830978
decreased 9,8442211100 -0,30449679
increased 10,1487179000 +0,312897
increased 9,8358209000 +0,13825992
decreased 9,6975609800 -0,11338429
decreased 9,8109452700 -0,03558938
decreased 9,8465346500 -0,04898774
increased 9,8955223900 +0,04898774
increased 9,8465346500 +0,12594641
decreased 9,7205882400 -0,02325412
increased 9,7438423600 +0,12065395
not_changed 9,6231884100 0
Please note that CRC to ZMK currency exchange rate historical information is renewed every 3 hours. Last update was at . To view last currency exchange rate updates, visit currency rates page.

Costa Rican colon to Zambia kwacha exchange chart

Note: The Costa Rican colon to Zambia kwacha chart allow you to see for free currency exchange rate graph history for the CRC/ZMK currency pair. Currently, the currency chart shows historical exchange rates for Costa Rican colon per 1 Zambia kwacha pair for a period of 2486 days.


CRC

The Costa Rican colon (named after Christopher Columbus, known as Cristobal Colon in Spanish) is the currency of Costa Rica. The plural is Costa Rican colones in Spanish, but English speakers often say colons instead. The ISO 4217 code is CRC.



ZMK

The kwacha is the currency of Zambia. It is subdivided into 100 ngwee.